• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method and an assembly (10) for producing an opening in a composite plate (12) having two opposite faces (14, 16), said composite plate (12) comprising a polymeric material and reinforcing fibers (70), said assembly (10) comprising a perforation tool (48) for providing an orifice (72) through said composite plate (12) to form an opening (76) through said composite plate. The assembly further comprises heating elements to be able to cause softening of said polymeric material of said composite plate (12); and said perforation tool (48) is for urging said softened polymeric material from one of said faces (14) toward the other of said faces (16) by spacing said fibers (70) so as to provide said orifice (72) while said pushed polymeric material is projecting from said other one of said faces (16) around said orifice (72).
    公开号:FR3033521A1
    申请号:FR1551993
    申请日:2015-03-10
    公开日:2016-09-16
    发明作者:Clement Callens；Christophe Cornu；Elise Dreano
    申请人:Centre Technique des Industries Mecaniques CETIM；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a method of producing an opening in a composite plate comprising a polymeric material and reinforcing fibers embedded inside said material, as well as a method for producing an opening in a composite plate. than a set for implementing said method. It is known to make openings through composite plates, so as to be secured to another member, for example, by means of screw members, rivetable or bolting. Here is meant by opening any orifice, bore, hole or drilling. After the composite plate has been manufactured, an orifice is pierced therein by means of a cutting tool, for example a drill rotated.
    [0002] Also, not only the polymeric material but also the reinforcing fibers are cut out. Therefore, a fiber discontinuity is created at the opening. As a result, the recess created by the orifice and the discontinuity of the fibers makes the composite plate more fragile. Its mechanical resistance is affected.
    [0003] In order to overcome this drawback, it is possible to insert an eyelet, metal for example, inside the orifice. This has two cylindrical bodies of revolution each having a flange and opposite a circular end hooking. The cylindrical bodies are engaged through the orifice, respectively on the two opposite faces of the composite plate, so that the two circular ends of the cylindrical bodies are interlocked by force one into the other, while the flanges respectively bear on the edges of the opening opening in the two opposite faces. In this way, the metal ring reinforces the composite plate at the orifice. The opening is then delimited by the internal cylindrical surface of revolution of the two circular bodies. On the other hand, such a device is relatively complex to implement and increases the costs of producing the composite plate.
    [0004] Also, a problem that arises and that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a method of producing an opening and an assembly enabling it to be implemented, which make it possible to simplify the realization of the opening and thus to reduce costs.
    [0005] For this purpose, and according to a first object, the present invention provides a method of making an opening in a composite plate of the type comprising the following steps: a) providing a composite plate comprising a polymeric material and reinforcing fibers embedded within said polymeric material, said plate having two faces 10 opposite to each other; and, b) providing an orifice through said composite plate to form an opening through said composite plate. In addition, the softening of said polymeric material of said composite plate is carried out before step b); and in step b), said softened polymeric material is repelled from one of said faces to the other of said faces by spacing said fibers so as to provide said orifice, while said projecting polymeric material is supported. said other of said faces around said orifice. Thus, a feature of the invention resides in the treatment of the composite plate so as to be able to soften the polymeric material, which is advantageously thermoplastic, and then to sink the softened polymeric material by removing the fibers and providing an orifice. The treatment is preferably thermal. During the driving or pushing of the softened polymer material, the latter is driven locally in an axial component with respect to the driving direction and in a radial component so as to project from the opposite face of the plate. composite and around the orifice. As the softened polymeric material is depressed, the reinforcing fibers deviate radially in the thickness of the composite plate. As a result, the reinforcing fibers are not broken, but divided into two bundles and grouped respectively in the two diametrically opposite edges of the opening which forms. In this way, after cooling, the separated reinforcement fibers are trapped in the thermoplastic polymeric material of the composite plate. They play their role of reinforcement. In addition, the portion of polymeric material 3033521 3 pushed around the orifice reinforces the composite plate at the orifice. In other words, the portion of polymeric material corresponding to the orifice is used to reinforce the plate. Thus, an opening is made in a single step, unlike the methods according to the prior art, which makes it less expensive. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, said repetitive polymeric material is shaped to project from said other one of said faces so as to make a flange around said orifice. Thus, the orifice is extended by forming a flange or projection projecting from said other of said faces. In addition, said rim and said orifice define the same internal cylindrical surface. This internal cylindrical surface, of revolution, then defines the opening. Preferably, the method according to the invention further comprises a step of cooling said composite plate after step b). In this way, as it cools, the polymeric material becomes solid again and freezes the geometry and dimensions of the opening. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said softened polymeric material is pushed from one of said faces towards the other of said faces in an axial direction substantially perpendicular to said composite plate. In this way, the cylindrical surface generated by the orifice has a generatrix perpendicular to the composite plate. Also, advantageously, said fibers are spaced in a radial direction substantially perpendicular to said axial direction. In practice, the fibers are spread radially as the orifice is cleaned through the plate. According to a second object, the present invention proposes an embodiment of an opening in a composite plate having two faces opposite to each other, said composite plate comprising a polymeric material and reinforcing fibers embedded therein said polymeric material, said assembly comprising a perforation tool for providing an orifice through said composite plate so as to form an opening through said composite plate. The assembly further comprises heating members to be able to cause the softening of said polymeric material of said composite plate; and perforating tool is for urging said softened polymeric material from one of said faces towards the other of said faces by spacing said fibers so as to provide said orifice, while said pushed polymeric material is projecting from said other one of said faces around said orifice. Thus, the method according to the invention is easy to implement thanks to the set defined above. Preferably, said perforation tool comprises a working end having a cylindrical portion of revolution terminated by a conical portion. Thus, the conical portion, at the front of the working end, perforate and spread the reinforcing fibers radially in the thickness of the composite plate, while the cylindrical portion complies with the inner wall of the orifice. In addition, the conical portion, when it reaches the opposite surface, repels the polymeric material softened around the orifice in a radial component. According to an alternative embodiment, the working end has a cylindrical portion terminated by a pointed portion whose generator is not a straight line, and for example, is circular. Any other type of pointed part, cutting blade type is possible.
    [0006] According to an embodiment of the preferred invention, the assembly comprises a die and a punch intended to cooperate with said die, said perforation tool being mounted to move in translation through said punch, while said die has a clearance adapted to receive said perforation tool. The die and the punch make it possible to give the composite plate whose polymeric material is softened the required three-dimensional shape. Also, during this conformation phase of the composite plate, it is easy to simultaneously perform the opening. Indeed, during this conformation phase, the composite plate is sandwiched between the punch and the die, while the perforation tool is driven in translation to pass through the composite plate whose polymeric material is softened, since one of the faces of the composite plate. By passing through the composite plate, the perforation tool comes to protect the orifice by spreading the fibers in a radial component, and continuing its stroke 3033521 5 in the release of the matrix, it comes to bear the protruding polymeric material protruding from the other face around the orifice. Therefore, by simultaneously thermoforming the composite plate and opening, the composite plate is obtained in a single operation. Therefore, the cost of such a plate is reduced. Also, according to a preferred embodiment of said matrix further comprises a tubular member mounted to move in translation within said clearance, said perforating tool being intended to engage in said tubular member so as to be able to conform to said polymeric material repoussé projecting from said other of said faces. In this way, as will be explained in more detail below, the flange, or boss, is made during thermoforming without the need for subsequent machining to perfect it. According to an alternative embodiment, an additional polymeric material is also injected to enhance the boss. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention, given by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an opening in a composite plate according to the invention in a first state; - Figure 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly according to the invention in a second state; Figure 2B is a schematic top view of an enlarged detail member of Figure 2A; - Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly according to the invention in a third state; - Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly 30 according to the invention in a fourth state; and - Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view from above of a composite plate; FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of an opening in a composite plate according to the invention in a state of reception of a composite plate 12. The assembly 10 constitutes a part of a stamping mold for shaping a preform of composite material. And as will be explained hereinafter in detail, an opening is made during the forming operation of the preform. The preform or composite plate 12 is cut from a strip of composite material. The composite material selected here comprises a matrix of a thermoplastic polymer, for example based on polyamide, and reinforcing fibers extending longitudinally inside the matrix substantially parallel to the two opposite faces 14, 16 of the plate 12. reinforcing fibers are for example synthetic fibers or glass fibers or else any other conventional type of reinforcing fibers. The assembly 10 will be described below in detail before describing the method for producing the opening in the composite plate that it makes possible to implement. The assembly 10 comprises, in the lower part, a die 18, and in the upper part a punch 20. In FIG. 1 the punch 20 is in a position spaced from the die 18 in order to be able to engage the composite plate 12 between both. The die 18 is installed on a base 22 and is mounted movable in translation perpendicularly to the base 22. It extends in Figure 1 in a position spaced from the base 22 by two first spring elements 24, 26. These two spring elements 24, 26 may be replaced by controllable actuators of the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder type. In addition, the matrix 18 has a cylindrical recess of revolution 28 passing vertically through it and opening into the upper working surface 30 of the die 18 on the one hand, and in the lower bearing surface 32 on the other go. Furthermore, the cylindrical recess of revolution 28 30 has an enlargement 34 formed in its lower part and opening into the lower bearing surface 32. As will be explained, the enlargement 34 is able to form countersink.
    [0007] The assembly 10 further comprises a tubular member 36 slidably mounted inside the cylindrical recess of revolution 28. The tubular member 36 has an axial slot 38 and on the one hand a lower flange 40 in support on the base 22, and on the other hand, an upper end 42 décolletée shaping, defining a shoulder 44 and an edge 45, and whose function will be explained in more detail below. It will also be observed that the lower flange 40 has dimensions identical to the widening 34 so as to cooperate with each other as will be explained below. In the relative position of the matrix 18 and the tubular member 36 as shown in FIG. 1, the matrix 18 has a clearance 46, left free by the tubular member 36, the function of which will also be described below. . Regarding the punch 20 it is mounted in the assembly 10, movable in vertical translation relative to the base 22. It is also traversed by a longitudinal perforation tool 48, which has a working end 50 and a head 52. The longitudinal perforation tool 48 is movably mounted in translation through the punch 20 coaxially with the cylindrical recess of revolution 28 of the die 18 and with the axial slot 38 of the tubular member 36. In addition, the diameter The outside of the working end 50 is equal, with functional play, to that of the axial lumen 38. Also, as will be explained hereinafter, the working end 50 of the longitudinal perforating tool 48 is able to freely engage within the axial lumen 38. It will be observed, moreover, that the longitudinal perforation tool 48 is oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to that of the composite plate 12.
    [0008] The working end 50 has a cylindrical portion of revolution 54 and a tapered free end 56 terminated. The punch 20 has a lower working surface 58. The longitudinal perforation tool 48 is movable in translation between a retracted position as shown in Figure 1, where the working end 50 is housed inside the punch 20 while the head 52 projects from the upper surface 60 of the punch 20, and a working position, or the working end 50 projects from the lower working surface 58 of the punch 20, as can be seen in FIG. will explain it below.
    [0009] In addition, the head 52 of the perforating tool 48 is intended to be housed in a recess 62 formed in the punch 20 at the upper surface 60. The perforation tool 48 is driven in translation through a drive member 64 secured to the head 52. The drive member 64 is connected to the punch 20 via two other spring elements 66, 68 whose constant stiffness is lower than that of the two previous spring elements 24, 26. It will be explained below the interest of such a difference in stiffness constant. Also, hydraulic or pneumatic controllable actuators may be substituted for the spring members. Thus, the perforation tool 48 and the punch 20 are suspended from the drive member 64. Upstream of the assembly 10, unrepresented heating elements allow the polymeric material 15 to be heated and therefore softened. of the composite plate 12. These heating elements are for example infrared heaters. After having been heated and softened, the composite plate 12 is introduced between the die 18 and the punch 20 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In a second phase of the method, according to the invention, by closing the mold, the the driving member 64 to be able to drive the punch 20 in motion to the die 18 so as to sandwich the softened composite plate 12 between the upper work surface 30 of the die 18 and the lower work surface 58 of the punch 20. In this way, the softened composite plate 12 is held in a fixed position.
    [0010] The perforation tool 48 is then translated in translation by continuing the descent of the drive member 64. The other spring elements 66, 68 then compress while the first spring elements 24, 26 remain in extension. Accordingly, the conical free end 56 of the working end 50 penetrates the softened composite plate 12. Also, FIG. 2B shows in cross-section a top view of the free tapered free end 56 penetrating the composite plate 12. In addition, this Figure shows in transparency fibers 70, located inside the composite plate 12 and which move away with the movement of the conical free end 56. Continuing its movement, the working end 50 passes right through the composite plate 12, while the fibers 70 deviate on each side of the In addition, the polymeric material of the composite plate 12 located on the path of the working end 50 is pushed along an axial component of the upper face 14 towards the lower face 16, and according to a radial component around the orifice formed by the working end 50 on the lower face 16. The pushing of the polymeric material through the fibers is obviously made possible because it is softened.
    [0011] At the end of the stroke, as shown in FIG. 3, the working end 54 passes through the composite plate 12, forming an orifice 72 and extends projecting from its lower face 16. Also, the polymeric material moved by the working end 50 extends inside the clearance 46 around the working end 54 and therefore around the opening 72 projecting from the lower face 16. In this state, the polymeric material retains its viscosity properties, and in particular the polymeric material displaced around the working end 50. In an ultimate phase, as shown in FIG. 4, an additional force is exerted on the driving member. 64. The composite plate 12 is engaged between the die 18 and the punch 20, so that the additional force causes the translational movement of the die 18 towards the base 22. Therefore, the conical free end 56 and the extremity The workpiece 54 penetrates inside the axial lumen 38 of the tubular member 36 which remains in a fixed position with respect to the base 22, while the edge 45 of the upper end 42 is adjusted. at the upper working surface 30 of the matrix 18. Consequently, the displaced polymeric material located around the orifice 72 and the cylindrical portion of revolution 54 of the working end 54, is then molded to the inside the upper end 42 conformation, while the polymeric material is pressed against the underside 16 of the composite plate 12. In this way, it is molded a boss 74 on the underside 16 of the composite plate 12 around of the orifice 72. It will be observed that the working end 50 of the perforating tool 48 cooperates sufficiently tightly with the axial lumen 38 of the tubular member 36 so that the polymer material does not leak between e both. Thus, there is no loss of material and the polymeric material moved during the repoussage is integrally intended to form the boss 74. The boss 74 and the orifice 72 have the same cylindrical surface of revolution forming an opening. According to an embodiment of the invention not shown, provision is made for the possibility of injecting a polymer material inside the cylindrical recess of revolution 28, between the lower face 16 of the composite plate and the end 42 of the tubular member 36. In this case, the shoulder 44 is deeper, which allows to raise the height of the boss 74. Then, the composite plate is brought to room temperature and becomes rigid, thanks to a not shown cooling device of the die and the punch. The bundled fibers on either side of the orifice are then trapped in the matrix of the polymeric material. After the implementation of this last step, the drive tool 64 is raised, and successively, the die 18 is raised via the first spring elements 24, 26, while the boss 74 is released from the spring. upper end 42 of the tubular member 36, then the working end 50 releases the composite plate 12 and finally, the punch 20 and the matrix 18 move away from each other to release the composite plate 12 Figure 5 illustrates such a plate portion. It contains the boss 74 which extends projecting from the lower face 16 and which defines an opening 76. The shape and dimensions of the boss 74 are determined by the upper end 42 of the tubular member 36. according to some embodiments, a boss that is less prominent but with a wider flange is desired. According to certain other variants, a boss that is more prominent and has a smaller flange is preferred. Thus, in comparison with a rigid composite plate, traditionally drilled by means of a drill, the composite plate produced according to the invention has mechanical strengths greater than at least 10%, and in some cases greater than 20%. In addition, no recovery or finishing is necessary after the implementation of the method according to the invention.
    [0012] In addition, this process is performed in masked time during the step of thermoforming the composite plate 12, so that the additional cost results from the sole adaptation of the die 18 and the punch 20 which cost can be amortized easily. on a large number of pieces made.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of producing an opening in a composite plate of the type comprising the following steps: a) providing a composite plate (12) comprising a polymeric material and reinforcing fibers embedded inside said polymeric material, said plate having two opposite sides of each other (14, 16); and, b) providing an orifice (72) through said composite plate (12) to form an opening (76) through said composite plate; characterized by further causing softening of said polymeric material of said composite plate (12) prior to step b); and in that in step b), said softened polymeric material is pushed from one of said faces (14) to the other of said faces (16) by spacing said fibers (70) so as to provide said orifice ( 72), while said projecting polymeric material protrudes from said other one of said faces (16) around said orifice (72).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said polymeric material repoussé projecting from said other of said faces (16) in such a way as to make a flange (74) around said orifice (72).
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said flange (74) and said orifice (72) define the same internal cylindrical surface.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a step of cooling said composite plate (12) after step b).
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that pushes said softened polymeric material from one of said faces (14) to the other of said faces (16) in an axial direction substantially perpendicular to said composite plate (12).
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that said fibers (70) are spaced in a radial direction substantially perpendicular to said axial direction. 3033521 13
    [0007]
    7. An assembly (10) for making an opening in a composite plate (12) having two opposite faces of each other (14, 16), said composite plate (12) comprising a polymeric material and reinforcing fibers ( 70) embedded within said polymeric material, said assembly (10) comprising a perforation tool (48) for providing an orifice (72) through said composite plate (12) to form an opening (76) through said composite plate; characterized in that it further comprises heating means for causing softening of said polymeric material of said composite plate (12); - and in that said perforation tool (48) is intended to push said softened polymeric material from one of said faces (14) to the other of said faces (16) by spacing said fibers (70) so as to provide said orifice (72) while said repetitive polymeric material is projected from said other one of said faces (16) about said orifice (72).
    [0008]
    8. Assembly (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that said perforation tool (48) comprises a working end (50) having a cylindrical portion of revolution (54) terminated by a conical portion (56).
    [0009]
    9. Assembly (10) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it comprises a matrix (18) and a punch (20) intended to cooperate with said matrix (18), said perforation tool (48) being movably mounted in translation through said punch (20), while said die (20) has a recess (46) adapted to receive said perforation tool (48).
    [0010]
    10. Assembly (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that said matrix (20) further comprises a tubular member (36) movably mounted in translation inside said clearance, said perforation tool (48) being intended engageable in said tubular member (36) so as to conform said protruded polymeric material protruding from said other of said faces (16).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3033521B1|2019-04-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3517410A|1967-02-17|1970-06-30|Paul Rapisarda|Apparatus for producing reinforced apertures in plastic materials|
    FR2763881A1|1997-05-30|1998-12-04|Peguform France|Piercing of composite fibre panel damage during hole formation for fastenings|
    DE102004038084A1|2004-07-28|2006-03-23|Technische Universität Dresden|Assembly to bond reinforced thermoplastic sheets, with a reinforced thermoplastic rivet, has a mandrel to pierce the heated materials and carry the rivet blank through for the head to be shaped by a heated tool|
    DE102011054168A1|2011-10-04|2013-04-04|Rehau Ag + Co.|Tool for making a hole in a component|EP3385066A1|2017-04-07|2018-10-10|General Electric Company|Methods and assemblies for forming features in composite components|
    FR3068912A1|2017-07-11|2019-01-18|Faurecia Automotive Industrie|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT PIECE AND PART OF EQUIPMENT THEREFOR|
    DE102018217408A1|2017-10-13|2019-04-18|Faurecia Automotive Composites|COMPONENT OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH METALLIC INSERT|
    US10502074B2|2017-04-07|2019-12-10|General Electric Company|Methods and assemblies for forming features in composite components|
    US10632650B2|2017-04-07|2020-04-28|General Electric Company|Methods and assemblies for forming features in composite components|
    法律状态:
    2016-02-08| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-09-16| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160916 |
    2017-02-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-02-09| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-03-04| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-03-08| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1551993A|FR3033521B1|2015-03-10|2015-03-10|METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR CARRYING OUT AN OPENING IN A COMPOSITE PLATE|
    FR1551993|2015-03-10|FR1551993A| FR3033521B1|2015-03-10|2015-03-10|METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR CARRYING OUT AN OPENING IN A COMPOSITE PLATE|
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